Two Gentlemen in Verona

The Abasement of The Upper Class Most people have a predetermined idea of the levels of a social hierarchy. They presume that the upper class is noble, proper and educated while the lower class is of the opposite; the lower class work for the upper class and thus cannot possibly exceed the caliber of the upper class. Shakespeare upends this predetermined notion by utilizing the characters to convey a strong sense of role reversal throughout The Two Gentlemen of Verona.This role reversal upsets the stereotypical social hierarchy and strongly suggests that the upper class may not be as highly esteemed as they are perceived to be. Loyalty is an underlying theme throughout the play. Symbols of loyalty prompt the reader to not only compare the loyalty of a servant’s relationship with an upperclassman’s relationship but also conclude that this comparison often leads to the degradation of the upper class characters. Proteus refers to himself as â€Å"spaniel-like† (4. 2 . 4) in Act 4; however his actions show that he is the direct opposite of what a spaniel, or a dog, should be like. Judging from his fickle actions of suddenly falling in love with Silvia after swearing to remain faithful to Julia, Proteus is unable to have nearly as much loyalty as a spaniel should have. Thus one can conclude that Proteus is not nearly as loyal as a dog. His condemnable actions lead to an abasement of the upper class and gives way to the idea that the aristocratic aren’t as respectable as they seem to be.The relationship between Lance and Crab can be compared to Proteus and Julia. Lance, the servant has an unusually loyal and selfless relationship with his dog, Crab. It is interesting to note that Lance seems to be more loyal or devoted to Crab, than his dog is to him. In fact, Lance even takes the blame and beating for his dog when Crab his caught â€Å"a pissing† (4. 4. 1) under the table. This loyalty can be compared to Proteus and Julia in that La nce’s selflessly devoted relationship with Crab is a parody of the despicably unfaithful relationship Proteus has with Julia.The â€Å"reversed† relationship between Lance and Crab also gives way to a new and important idea for the rest of the play. Upon closer inspection, one can see that the master, in this case Lance resembles the characteristics of a loyal servant, which should be the role played by Lance’s dog, Crab. The unusual reversal of roles that this master and its dog should have, gives way to a recurring idea – prominent throughout the rest of the play, that the characteristics of the lower class and upper class are interchanged.Speed and Lance are two servants who happen to be servants of two deeply in-love masters. In Act 3 Scene 1, Lance claims that he too, is in love and reveals a list of which he has written down the merits of his lady. Typically, one should assume that this list – coming from an uneducated servant, should not exh ibit a great amount of depth or critical thinking; however this list surprises the reader in its logicality and wittiness, and in addition, reinforces the idea of the switching of hierarchal roles. Items on Lance’s list exhibit great practicality such as â€Å"She can sew† (3. . 298) and â€Å"She can wash and scour† (3. 1. 329). Lance also cleverly transforms flaws into virtues when he describes that â€Å"She hath more hair than wit,† or that she is younger than she is intelligent and â€Å"more fault than hairs,† or more flaws than she is young and â€Å"more wealth than faults† (3. 3. 3) which amalgamates to that she is wealthier than flawed since â€Å"that word (wealth) makes the faults gracious† because Lance understands that in real life, level of wealth is a highly influential, and possibly ultimate deciding factor in marriage or a relationship.The realistic and practical nature of the list shows the maturity and intelligence of Lance, which begs to question the nature of the picturesque but fickle and unsustainable nature of the love affairs of the masters, Valentine and Proteus. This once again reiterates the role reversal of social hierarchy and through the sensibleness of Lance and shows that the upper class may not be as intellectual as they are perceived to be. There are also other smaller remarks in scenes that support the notion that a role reversal suggests the idea that aristocrats may not be as intellectual as them seem to be.For example, in Act 2 Scene 1, when Valentine is reunited with his love, Silvia – Speed provides several asides in which he mockingly says â€Å"a million of manners! † (2. 1. 95) in response to Valentine greeting Silvia with â€Å"a thousand good morrows† (2. 1. 93-4). In this series of asides, the audience can see that the servant is sensibly belittling the absurdity of his master’s love for Silvia. An encounter in Act 3 Scene 1 between the Duke and Valentine also pokes at a role reversal when the Duke, perhaps the character with the highest social class throughout the novel, seeks advice on how to â€Å"court† (3. . 85) his lover, from Valentine: a relatively subordinate character. It is arguable that the Duke only asked Valentine for advice as a part of his scheme to figure out how Valentine has been courting his own daughter, Silvia. However, if one looks at the scene and context secluded from the ulterior intentions, the mere act of a superior asking an inferior for advice heavily suggests that the role reversal of characters in The Two Gentlemen of Verona and ultimately, that the aristocratic, or Duke, is not as almighty and wise as he is assumed to be.Finally, perhaps the most prominent manifestation of role reversal and the abasement of aristocrats lies in the exchange between Valentine and Speed. Throughout the beginning half of the play, Valentine disapproves Proteus’s love for Julia and claims t hat by staying at home with Julia, Proteus will have â€Å"homely wits† (1. 1. 2) and wear out his â€Å"youth with shapeless idleness† (1. 1. 8). However during Act 2 Scene 1, Valentine is criticized by Speed, for the negative effects that he has brought upon himself as a result of his love for Silvia.Speed not only brings attention to the fact that only recently did Valentine â€Å"chid[e] at Sir Proteus for going ungartered† (2. 1. 70) but also has somewhat become blinded by love. During Speed’s observation of Valentine’s state in Act 2 Scene 1, Speed condemns Valentine who now â€Å"walk[s] alone like one that had the pestilence† (2. 1. 21) as a result of being in love with Silvia, when Valentine used to â€Å"walk like one of the lions† (2. 1. 27). As a result of being â€Å"metamorphosed with a mistress† (2. 1. 29-30), when Speed â€Å"look on you [Valentine], I [Speed] can hardly think you my master† (2. . 30-1). This exchange radiates the idea that Speed sees things that Valentine is unable to as well as the idea that Speed is wiser and more intellectual than his superior, Valentine. The latter part of the scene where Speed claims that Valentine’s lover, Silvia, is actually â€Å"not so fair†(2. 1. 51) accentuates both Speed’s expert and knowledgeable as well as Valentine’s increasingly dull and inferior characters. When Valentine questions Speed’s observation of Silvia’s beauty, Speed cleverly notes that â€Å"Because Love is blind† (2. 1. 8), Valentine is unable to see the ugliness of Silvia. In this brief exchange, Valentine and Speed play instead, the inferior and superior roles respectively as Speed lectures Valentine on this love-blind issue. Valentine’s aristocratic character is degraded as Speed didactically enlightens Valentine on the effects of love that he is unable to see. It is questionable that because a big portion of Sh akespeare’s audience was of middle and lower class, he conveyed a sense of abasement of the upper class in The Two Gentlemen of Verona.Thus it can be argued that he utilized this theme as a way to provide pleasure for the audience of his work. Nonetheless, through the various exchanges between master and servant, and servant to servant, one can see that the stereotypical roles of the characters are not congruent with their actual characteristics. Lance’s relationship with his dog both parodies Proteus and Julia and allows the theme of role reversal to manifest itself in their unusual relationship.Lance’s practical list of merits provides a sense of integrity and high intellectual capability for other members of the lower class. The Duke and Valentine suggests a role reversal and finally, Speed’s didactic observation of Valentine’s chronic â€Å"love blindness† allows the audience to see the dullness of the upper class and quick wit of lower class. All these examples amalgamate to a reinforced idea that the roles of the upper class and lower class may be reversed and that the upper class are not nearly as intelligent and esteemed as they are perceived to be.

Regression: Soft Drink Demand

DATA SET 1 Soft Drink Demand Estimation Demand can be estimated with experimental data, time series data or cross section data. Sara Lee Corporation generates experimental data in test stores where the effect of an NFL-licensed Carolina Panthers logo on Champion sweatshirt sales can be carefully monitored. Demand forecasts usually rely on time series data. In contrast, cross-section data appear in Table 1. Soft drink consumption in cans per year is related to six pack price, income per capita, and mean temperature across the 48 contiguous sates in the United States Question . Estimate the demand for soft drinks using a multiple regression program available on your computer. 2. Interpret the coefficients and calculate the price elasticity of soft drink demand 3. Omit price from the regression equation and observe the bias introduced into the parameter estimate for income. 4. Now omit both price and temperature from the regression equation. Should a marketing plan for soft drinks be de signed that relocates most canned drink machines into low income neighborhoods?Why or Why not? DATA SET 2 The data are the results of the following market research experiment by a large company. The company’s total market area was divided into 40 equally populated market areas, and the price to be charged for the product was set to be the same in each area. Then, the weekly amount of advertising expenditure ($) in each of these market areas was set as indicated in column B. The weekly sales (y units) in each market area was then recorded as shown in column C. 1.Use linear regression to estimate a linear equation describing how the value of sales (y) varies with the level of the fitted equation. 2. Assess the validity of the fitted equation. 3. If the product sells at a price of $100 and costs $70 per unit to produce, estimate a linear equation for the company’s weekly profit in terms of its advertising expenditure (x). DATA SET 3 The Sales of Cycle City, a large motorc ycle and moped distributor, grew significantly during the 1990s. This past history of sales growth is indicated in data set 3. . What is the compound annual rate of growth in sales for Cycle City over this 10 year period? 2. Based on your answer in part (1) what sales would you have forecasted for the next (2001)? 3. Graph the growth in sales over the 10 years. What happened to the rate of growth over this period? 4. Based on your answer to Part (3), what sales would you have forecasted for 2001. DATA SET 4 Pizza firm The manager of pizza firm collects data on the last 24 month of pizza sales from her own company records.Where Q= sales of pizza at Checkers Pizza P = Price of a pizza at Checker Pizza M = Average annual household income in Westbury Pai = price of a pizza at Al’s Pizza Oven Pbmac = price of Big Mac at McDonald’s 1. Estimate the linear demand function for Checkers Pizza compare to nonlinear model 2. Estimate demand elasticities at values of P, M, Pal, and Pbmac at values P=9. 05, M=26614 , Pal = 10. 12 and Pbmac = 1. 15 (for either demand function) 3. Forecast linear trend regression model to forecast income in month 30 DATA Set 5The copper data consist of 25 annual observations on world consumption of copper, copper price and the exogenous variables required to estimate industry demand and supply equation Data presented are actually valued for 1950-1975 Qc= world consumption sales of copper in 1000 of metric tons Pc = price of copper in cents per pound (inflation adjusted) M= index of real per capita income 1970=100 Pa = price of aluminum in cents per pound (inflation adjusted) X= ratio of consumption in the previous year to production in the previous year (=Qc/Qp) T=technology (time period is a proxy) 1.Estimate the copper industry demand and supply equation 2. Locate copper demand and supply in year 26 3. Calculate the intersection of the demand and supply functions DATA Set 6 Given data set 6, the quantity demanded of a commodity (Y) ,it’s price (X1) and consumer income (X2) from 1986-2005 1. Estimate the regression equation of Y on X1 and X2 2. Assess the validity of the fitted equation. 3. What is price elasticity at $4 and income elasticity at level 3800? Explain what kind of commodity (Y) is? 4. Forecast linear trend regression model to forecast income in year 2006 Regression: Soft Drink Demand DATA SET 1 Soft Drink Demand Estimation Demand can be estimated with experimental data, time series data or cross section data. Sara Lee Corporation generates experimental data in test stores where the effect of an NFL-licensed Carolina Panthers logo on Champion sweatshirt sales can be carefully monitored. Demand forecasts usually rely on time series data. In contrast, cross-section data appear in Table 1. Soft drink consumption in cans per year is related to six pack price, income per capita, and mean temperature across the 48 contiguous sates in the United States Question . Estimate the demand for soft drinks using a multiple regression program available on your computer. 2. Interpret the coefficients and calculate the price elasticity of soft drink demand 3. Omit price from the regression equation and observe the bias introduced into the parameter estimate for income. 4. Now omit both price and temperature from the regression equation. Should a marketing plan for soft drinks be de signed that relocates most canned drink machines into low income neighborhoods?Why or Why not? DATA SET 2 The data are the results of the following market research experiment by a large company. The company’s total market area was divided into 40 equally populated market areas, and the price to be charged for the product was set to be the same in each area. Then, the weekly amount of advertising expenditure ($) in each of these market areas was set as indicated in column B. The weekly sales (y units) in each market area was then recorded as shown in column C. 1.Use linear regression to estimate a linear equation describing how the value of sales (y) varies with the level of the fitted equation. 2. Assess the validity of the fitted equation. 3. If the product sells at a price of $100 and costs $70 per unit to produce, estimate a linear equation for the company’s weekly profit in terms of its advertising expenditure (x). DATA SET 3 The Sales of Cycle City, a large motorc ycle and moped distributor, grew significantly during the 1990s. This past history of sales growth is indicated in data set 3. . What is the compound annual rate of growth in sales for Cycle City over this 10 year period? 2. Based on your answer in part (1) what sales would you have forecasted for the next (2001)? 3. Graph the growth in sales over the 10 years. What happened to the rate of growth over this period? 4. Based on your answer to Part (3), what sales would you have forecasted for 2001. DATA SET 4 Pizza firm The manager of pizza firm collects data on the last 24 month of pizza sales from her own company records.Where Q= sales of pizza at Checkers Pizza P = Price of a pizza at Checker Pizza M = Average annual household income in Westbury Pai = price of a pizza at Al’s Pizza Oven Pbmac = price of Big Mac at McDonald’s 1. Estimate the linear demand function for Checkers Pizza compare to nonlinear model 2. Estimate demand elasticities at values of P, M, Pal, and Pbmac at values P=9. 05, M=26614 , Pal = 10. 12 and Pbmac = 1. 15 (for either demand function) 3. Forecast linear trend regression model to forecast income in month 30 DATA Set 5The copper data consist of 25 annual observations on world consumption of copper, copper price and the exogenous variables required to estimate industry demand and supply equation Data presented are actually valued for 1950-1975 Qc= world consumption sales of copper in 1000 of metric tons Pc = price of copper in cents per pound (inflation adjusted) M= index of real per capita income 1970=100 Pa = price of aluminum in cents per pound (inflation adjusted) X= ratio of consumption in the previous year to production in the previous year (=Qc/Qp) T=technology (time period is a proxy) 1.Estimate the copper industry demand and supply equation 2. Locate copper demand and supply in year 26 3. Calculate the intersection of the demand and supply functions DATA Set 6 Given data set 6, the quantity demanded of a commodity (Y) ,it’s price (X1) and consumer income (X2) from 1986-2005 1. Estimate the regression equation of Y on X1 and X2 2. Assess the validity of the fitted equation. 3. What is price elasticity at $4 and income elasticity at level 3800? Explain what kind of commodity (Y) is? 4. Forecast linear trend regression model to forecast income in year 2006

Theory of Constraints Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theory of Constraints - Assignment Example on in project management, production control, performance measurement, supply chain management, and other areas of business for non-profit like hospitals and military depots. However, it is important to note that the theory has specifically been widely applied in service units to identify bottlenecks in in the processes of production through its five-step process as outlined below: (B) The United States is believed to be one of the countries of the world where the ToC has found wide application. Although much of this appraisal would be simulacrum of the real situation, there are a definable number of organizations, which uses ToC in the US. (B1) A number of them have uses ToC in solving problems in their service operation units. For instance, ToC has led to processes improvement and proved to be a milestone concept in organizations like General Motors, Bethlehem Steel, National Semiconductor, Avery Dennison, Procter gamble, ITT, United Airlines, and the Boeing. In addition, the United States Air Force Logistics Command uses ToC to improve performance of their aircrafts repair depots on the other hand the United States Navy uses the concept in their Transport Corps. (C) The United States adopted the concept of ToC after a two-year quasi-experiment proved that the system could work even in more complex administrative environment. (C1)Therefore, it was theorized and empirically accepted that the concept of ToC would be even used beyond the manufacturing service centers. (C2)Managers thus, saw ToC as a vehicle for increasing performance through elimination of bottlenecks in the chains of production and hence started implementing the concept of ToC to boost their performance. Further, the managers realized that the concept of ToC challenged them to rethink about their fundamental assumptions of achieving their organizational goals and the purpose of cost management by laying emphasize on maximization of throughput-revenues generated through sales. (C4) The state also

No fixed topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

No fixed topic - Essay Example The four famous composers of this period included Dunstable, Despres, Ockeghem, and Dufay. Following the beginning of tradition in the sixteenth century, many people who were interested in music readily associated themselves with the classical music leading to the abandonment of the model system of the harmonic music. Many music composers shifted from composing harmony music and started composing classical. Composers moved away from composing these traditional types of music, which had lasted for over three hundred years introducing a strong sensation in songs with a definite tonal key (Gangwere 256). This was also termed as a golden period since many masses, anthems, motets, and madrigals followed this new form of music. In addition, this high demand of music lead to the establishment of instrumental music especially keyboard music, which was in the form of fantasies, variation, and dance movements. Some of the note-composers who emerged during this period included Dowland, Byrd, Vi ctoria, Lassus, Cardoso, and many others. During 11th century, one of the genius music composers Guido applied the concept of music to stringed instruments. His diatonic scale, which had eight full tones and seven intervals with two semitones, was the first keyboard to be in use. This type of keyboard had only twenty keys. There are no reliable historical sources showing the first person who applied the concept of the chromatic scale. Later on in 1548, Guiseppe Zarlino added the remaining two semitones to his keyboard. During the sixteenth century, almost every keyboard manufacturers used chromatic scale, which the same thing associated with the modern pianos. Since the development of keyboard, many amendments have been made to the chromatic keyboard to perfect its performance. In 1811, Dr. Krause constructed an improved keyboard whose semitones were of the same level, and all the keys had a uniform color. Later, another piano maker from Vienna constructed a keyboard in the form of concave. The aim of constructing concave-formed keyboard was to follow the learning of the keyboard players’ arm. This is evidence that, the modern keyboard has gone through many amendment, especially the concept of the keys layout. The layout of the whole and semi-tones has evolved over centuries (Gangwere 272). 5. Examine how Enlightenment philosophy and the spirit of capitalism influenced the music of the Classical period. The enlightenment age began in 17th through the 18th century. This was a cultural movement, which started first in Europe and later in the America. The main purpose of enlightenment age was to bring change to the society helping people abandon their traditional believes and cultural practices, and advancing their living standards through scientific measures. It promoted scientific knowledge, which brought intellectual change hence opposing traditional cultures like power abuses by churches and state. This idea of enlightenment had many impacts on culture , politics, and western government. Enlightenment philosophy had great impacts on art. It brought some emphasis on learning whereby arts and music became widespread especially among the middle class people. It also led to the establishment of many study areas where literature, philosophy, science, and expensive art

Paper on Accounting Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paper on Accounting Issue - Essay Example a. Strategic Decisions - Accounting has always been an integral part of the decision making process in any business endeavor. Whether it is to start, expand, diversify, downsize or liquidate one, most of the options taken by management are hinged on financial issues. b. Tactical or Operational Decisions - The cases mentioned above however, are those seen when one looks at the business as a macrocosm, on the other hand, there are more prevalent and specific accounting issues once the business process is dissected into segments. We can expound on this by citing issues at various stages in the business determining the best product mix to achieve optimum profit in Sales and Marketing, choosing the most efficient mode of shipping products to various locations, questions on whether to acquire new equipment vis-à  -vis upgrade of existing or to increase or reduce inventory level in Materials Management to name a few. C. Cost Benefit Analysis - This form of analysis requires that every aspect of the proposal be given a financial value to enable the proponent to frame an argument in terms of costs and benefits (BNET) A. Rationale – The deliberation of this case study aims to determine whether the status quo provides the better option or if the proposal of the proponent can best improve the inventory, i.e., malt, picture of the company. The process by which this can be established is thru a Cost Benefit Analysis â€Å"assessing the financial viability† (ADB Handbook 123) of the proposal. B. The Status Quo – Bubbly Beer Inc. buys malt from BRLI Corporation twice a month at 100,000 kilograms per shipment. This ordering pattern allows them to maintain an inventory level of 15 days. Presently, malt costs US$24 per kilogram. C. Presentation of the Alternative - BRLI Corporation proposed to Bubbly Beer Inc. a 10% discount for every kilogram over and above their normal order if the latter can advance their second order this month. While the total sales for BRLI

MARKETING PLAN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MARKETING PLAN - Essay Example are creating the new plan, all details of the   company’s existing electronics marketing plan are to be considered irrelevant. The intent is   that current strategies, practices, etc., will be considered for relevance and possible   continuance only after your new plan has been presented to and is understood by top   management.   Given:   Company G’s team of engineers and designers have developed a line of top-quality small   appliances, and through concept and prototype testing, they have shown that the visual   design features are very appealing to potential buyers and give a distinct impression   associated with quality and artistic elegance. ... ach of the products in the line at a cost that   should enable them to emerge as the lowest-cost producer in the small-appliance industry.   Company G has a low debt-to-equity ratio and a high credit rating. It enjoys excellent   relationships with current suppliers, but because of differences in material requirements,   new raw material suppliers will be needed to support the small appliance line. Company G   will also need new suppliers for two component parts that will be purchased ready for   assembly into some of the small appliances.   The credit terms Company G offers to intermediaries in their distribution channel are typical   for their industry. Marketing research has shown that the company’s XG brand and logo are   readily recognized by most categories of electronics product consumers.   Abstract In the modern environment of commerce, companies must understand the purpose of gaining the technology leverage that is lacked from their competitors. I n this particular work, a company known as â€Å"Company G’s† marketing plan will be developed in order to ensure its supremacy in the market. Creating a market plan would allow the company to understand the risks and explore any opportunities that are available. As society progresses to 21st century, the fierce competition that looms in commerce as dramatically been enhanced. In this particular situation, Company G’s mission statement is â€Å"We enable consumers to improve the quality and convenience of their lives by providing  high-quality, innovative electronic solutions.†Ã‚   This same philosophy applies in their product line. Providing superior quality products is the focal point for this organization as it strives to enhance research and development. The revenue that companies accumulate is funded to

Social Networking Sites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Networking Sites - Essay Example Some people disagree, arguing that individuals should not use social networking sites as a forum of airing their opinions as these sites are not safe and have landed people in legal and personal problems. While these arguments are valid, people’s convictions should not be suppressed as voicing them out has created awareness on political subjects, thus revolutionizing politics. Social networking sites have been criticized as being ineffective in conducting political change as political activists form or join like-minded groups. They do not foster any action. Critics have also added that people join advocacy groups in sites like Facebook and ignore every message these groups send to them (Delany). However, these like-minded groups have taken things a step further. Levi Russell, a communications director of the Tea Party Express, said, â€Å"Facebook allows us to promote and organize events in a whole new way [...] it is one of the most targeted and flexible tools we use. Our su pporters are able to really take ownership of events in their area by sharing, discussing and inviting their friends in a very visual and tangible format (Unze o3a).† Furthermore, through social networking sites, protests have been arranged that have led parliaments to be dissolved and dictatorial leaderships to step down. One of the cyber organizers of the recent Egyptian protest, Wael Ghonim, said, â€Å"I am talking on behalf of Egypt [...] this revolution started online [...] this revolution started on Facebook (Smith).† Wael Ghonim demonstrated how instrumental social networking sites are in transforming politics. It has also been claimed that the state has a powerful means of monitoring or interdicting the tools on social networking sites, rendering them inactive as a tool of change in the political scenery and as such strengthening authoritarian regimes. These authoritarian regimes, apart from scrutinizing social networking sites, have also had them shut down (Sh irky 28-41). Notwithstanding, this does not stop individuals from stating their opinions about pertinent issues with their leadership. In fact, by the government shutting down these websites, the end effect achieved is that everyone is alerted to what is going on in the state, causing the news to spread faster. Also, internet shutdown allows people to be creative and use social networking sites to send coded messages, therefore still creating political awareness and enforcing political change in the long run (Feith 5). Furthermore, social networking sites like Twitter have an open API that allows other web service providers to insert a stream of tweets. This makes Twitter versatile even when there is an internet shutdown. For example, in Iran after the government shut down all internet sources people were still able to access Twitter. One tweet read â€Å"all internet & mobile networks are cut. We ask everyone in Tehran to go onto their rooftops and shout alaho akbar in protest #Ir an Election (Suvillan).† This characteristic of Twitter has ensured continued expression of political opinions. Many have argued that social networking sites have led to individuals being maimed, killed or even imprisoned by dictatorial governments for expressing their opinion (Leynne). However, without sacrificial lambs that are willing to voice their opinions, politics would be nonexistent. In fact, states that embrace freedom of speech were first formed by people speaking out. The opposition also argues that social networking sites have led people to be sued by posting defamatory and indecent messages on their status updates. Therefore, these social

Unforgiven as an anti-wester western Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unforgiven as an anti-wester western - Essay Example They are particularly interested in fulfilling their objective of no- interference from getting money. This portrays the westerners as men of leisure. Their motivation is self-centered, fulfilling their calling that was to accomplish their mission of killing the Cowboys. Although, to some extent, a material gain can be viewed as secondary in the film, Munny is in need of money. Apart from the farm, he has a family to support. His passion is no longer gun fighting. Munny has â€Å"abandoned that life and only returns to it for what life can offer him, an opportunity to make a fresher start with his family† (David, 49). He gives Beauchamp an account of the story. In the process, he relates what he believes to be a western hero. According to him, accuracy and coolness of head, rather than speed, make a western hero. This makes the film anti- westerners since there are revenge and mistreatment of women. , also personal gain among individual that their primary objective is to get money (David, 33) The Beauchamp is also painted as lonely and somehow melancholy (Kamir, 95). Munny faces Little Bill as well as his disputes singlehandedly, which is quite usual in the western. However, their loneliness is not imposed on them by their situations. Rather, it belongs to them intimately and testifies to their completeness. At the beginning of the movies, Munny has two partners (David, 32). They somehow leave him as results of the film’s narratives developments. Both the Kid and Ned abandon the gunfighter lifestyle. Munny to some extends ends up alone since that is what required by the genre, lonely hero. The film also concerns the generic convention of the Western The film can be witnessed as a version of the west which conforms to heroic modern lives done by most westerns (David, 53). It poetry’s a west that is modernized after losing all its wildness, to the point of reconcilability. Apparently, these changes appear

Globalisation and Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Globalisation and Democracy - Essay Example   An enduring precept of the post-Cold War era is that globalisation can be a catalyst for democratization. From one perspective, when democratic principles flounce or dribble across boundaries into controlling states, globalisation makes democratisation unavoidable. Supporters of this view point to the infectivity of independent and autonomous transitions in the world over the past quarter-century and to the ability of technology to penetrate the most closed societies. Even the most closed government of closed economies have gone online, though the broader population of these countries have no right of entry to the external world (Catharin E. Dalpino, 2001).  After the World War II, process of globalization started becoming recognized with a number of large trends for the greater international movement of commodities, money, information, and people. Post World War II era also witnessed the development of technology, organizations, legal systems, and infrastructures while having a combined effect on this international movement. Following are the catalyst factors which accelerated the process of globalisation;− Spreading of multiculturalism, and better individual access to cultural diversity− Greater international travel and tourism along with superior rate of immigration− Spread of local consumer products (e.g., food) to other countries− World-wide fads, pop culture, and sporting events− Development of a global telecommunications infrastructure (Internet etc) Globalisation and Democracy: The relationship between democracy and globalisation has been the focus of substantial policy makers and philosophers. Some argue that democracy and globalisation go hand in hand suggesting that unrestricted international transactions leads to increased political accountability and transparency. Politically free societies are likely to have minimal restrictions on the mobility of goods and services across national borders. Others argue that the causal relationship should be reversed: democracies are more likely to have closed markets and vice versa. Many economists presume that globalization and democracy go together (Barry Eichengreen, David Leblang, 2004). They believe in this hypothesis because free international transactions benefit society as a whole. According to them, it is the democracy that renders political leaders more accountable to the electorate. Hence, it should be conducive to a larger extent for the removal of restrictions on such transactions. These economic

Ethical decisions and informed consent Essay Example for Free

Ethical decisions and informed consent Essay In all counseling programs meant for children and adolescents, it is very important that the parents be involved. The parents would require knowing the results of the psychological analysis, most probably in concern for the well being of their wards. However, in certain cases, the children or the adolescents might not intent the parents to know the details of their case. Like an adult patient, the child patient would want to ensure confidentiality of their case. However, it is also important to know that the child would not be in a position to make a proper decision regarding their treatment. Hence, it is very important to ensure that confidentiality exists to a limited extent in such cases. The counselors would have to protect the adolescent and the teenager regarding the individual case. They have to maintain strict confidentiality and should not inform anybody about the details of their case. However, the counselor would also have to inform the parent, as the parents are in the best position in making a valuable decision about their wards. The child or adolescent may be acting out of immaturity in these cases. It is also important to keep in mind that issues regarding the sexual activity of the child and the interventions required for the treatment of a sexually transmitted disease differs from one state to another. Certain issues such as abuse, neglect, presence of any risk or danger to others, etc, have to be reported to the parents. The counselor should be aware that the parents have rights of the children. Only the relevant information has to be disclosed to the parents so that they can make an informed decision for the welfare of their wards. The information presented should be accurate and comprehensive. In this case the parents would have to be informed if any case of neglect, abuse, harm to the child, etc is present. Treatment of a sexually transmitted disease may have to be reported in case the child may cause the risk of transmitting it to other people. The counselor should also try to determine if any danger is present for the 15-year-old client from any other party. If any such danger were present, the counselor would have to ensure that the child is adequately protected by informing the parents. In all cases, the counselor, to determine the need for informing the parents, should conduct a thorough assessment of the situation.

Strategies to Estimate Rainfall

Strategies to Estimate Rainfall Accurate rainfall estimation is an important and challenging task and the spatial distribution of the rain gauge is a most important factor in providing reliable areal rainfall. Modern rainfall network established to monitor hydrological features should provide the necessary and real-time information for purposes such as management of water resources, reservoir operation and flood forecast and control (Chen et al., 2008). Direct measurement of rainfall can only be achieved by rain gauges, and rain gauge networks are often installed to provide measurements that characterize the temporal and spatial variations of rainfall (Cheng et al., 2008). However, even if rain gauges are capable of providing real time rainfall information at very fine temporal resolution under the help of automatic rainfall record equipments, it is still difficult to characterize the spatial variation of rainfall without a well-designed rain gauge network in the catchment. A well designed rain gauge network with proper densities and distributions is essential to provide the valid precipitation information reflecting the spatial-temporal features in a catchment. However, most river basins of the world are poorly gauged or ungauged, and most rain gauge networks applied for hydrological purposes are largely inadequate according to the most dilute density requirements of World Meteorological Organization (WMO). WMO recommends certain densities of rain gauges to be followed for different types of basins such as 500 km2 per gauge is recommended in flat regions of temperate zones, while 25 km2 per gauge is recommended for small mountainous islands with irregular precipitation (WMO, 1994). Moreover, many non-hydrological factors considerably impacted the rain gauge network design, e.g. accessibility, cost and easiness of maintenance, topographical aspects, etc. However, many reviews have noted a marked decline in the amount of hydrometric data being collected in many parts of the world (WMO, 1996; Stokstad, 1999). The decline of hydrometric gauges exists not only in developing countries, but also happens in developed countries, e.g. the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) network had undergone some significant reductions in the mid-1990s (Mason and York, 1997; Pyrce, 2004). This decline in hydrometric gauges means that at a time when global warming may be exacerbating weather extremes and water shortages, scientists are less able to monitor water supplies, predict droughts, and forecast floods than they were 30 years ago (Stokstad, 1999). In recent years, satellite remote sensing seems to have the potential to provide full spatial coverage of pixel rainfall estimates, however, many studies have pointed out that the satellite based rainfall data still could not provide accurate rainfall estimates to match rain gauge measurements and could not meet the requirements of hydrological modelling on daily base (e.g. Hughes, 2006; Dinku et al., 2008; Li et al., 2012, 2014). Furthermore, the satellite based precipitation data have to be calibrated with the rainfall provided by the existing rain gauges to correct the bias, and the bias correction results considerably depend on the rain gauge density and distribution. Meanwhile, the widely application of satellite based precipitation data has a consequence of the deterioration of rain gauge networks in some cases (Ali et al., 2005). Tsintikidis et al. (2002) demonstrated that even when lumped models are used for flood forecasting, a proper gauge network can significantly improve the results. Thus, to build a rain gauge network contains a minimum density of rain gauges from removing redundancy gauges which contain less information is crucial under the background of rain gauge networks deterioration. It can help to understand how the distribution of rain gauges impacts the capability of network and qualify of rainfall information provided by the network. Rain gauge network design is to analyse the number and location of stations necessary for achieving the required accuracy (Bras, 1990) and meet the objective of information provided by the network as efficiently and economically as possible (Hackett, 1966). Varies approaches using optimal selection of rainfall gauges have been applied in designing rain gauge network to yield greater precise of rainfall estimation with minimum cost. Eulogio (1998) presented an optimal network design for the estimation of areal mean rainfall events by using simulated annealing method which demonstrated that the simulated annealing algorithm of random search for optimal location of rain gauges took into account the double criterion of estimation accuracy and economic cost. Patra (2001) applied a statistical theory for rain gauge network design. The study took use the coefficient of variance and the acceptable percentage of error range to estimate the optimal number of rain gauges. St-Hilaire et al. (200 3) evaluated the impact of meteorological network density on the estimation of basin precipitation and runoff in five drainage basins in Mauricie watershed in Quebec, Canada by using Kriging method to estimate the spatial distribution and variance of rainfall. Dong et al. (2005) used variance reduction analysis method to find the appropriate quantity and location of rain gauges in Qingjiang River Basin, China for flow simulation. The study demonstrated that both cross correlation coefficient and modelling performance increase hyperbolically and level off after five rain gauges for the study area. Anctil et al. (2006) applied the method of randomly selection of rain gauges to produce subsets of rain gauge network to optimize the mean daily areal rainfall series in Bas-en-Basset watershed, southern France and using genetic algorithm to orient the rain gauge combinatorial problem toward improved forecasting performance. BÃ ¡rdossy and Das (2008) studied the influence of the spatial resolution of rainfall input on the model calibration and application by varying the distribution of the rain gauge network via External Drift Kriging method (EDK) in southwest of Germany and pointed out that the overall performance of the HBV model worsens radically with an excessive reduction of rain gauges, while there is no significant improvement of the model by increasing the number of rain gauges more than a certain threshold number. Chen et al. (2008) applied Kriging and entropy algorithm to design the rain gauge network which contains the minimum number of rain gauges and optimum spatial distribution in Taiwan, China. The summer flash rainfall exhibits particularly high spatiotemporal variability and produces severe, quick, and sharply peaked flash flooding at the study site (Desilets et al., 2008), and the monitoring of summer flash rainfall represents the most difficult and important challenge for a rain gauge network designed for flood prediction. Volkmann et al. (2010) designed rain gauge networks for flash flood prediction in semiarid catchments with complex terrain to predict flash flood. The results revealed that the multi-criteria strategy provided a robust design by which a sparse but accurate network of rain gauges could be implemented for semiarid basins such as the one studied. Precipitation gauge network structure is not only dependent on the station density; station location also plays an important role in determining whether information is gained properly. Gupta et al. (2002) and Yatheendradas et al. (2008) pointed out that rapidly changing patterns of precipitation over mountains are poorly monitored, and there are gaps in the information important to the modelling of runoff generation which makes it difficult to obtain sufficient leading time and accuracy on hydrological forecasts. Therefore, the design of hydrological measurement networks has received considerable attention in research settings. The issue of optimizing rain gauge network can be formulated as that of finding the locations of a limited number of rain gauges which provide sufficient rainfall information of both the spatial distribution and the areal mean precipitation. Thus, the main objectives of this paper are motivated to: (1) understand and quantify the variability of the precipitation in catchment scale using the Shannon’s entropy and mutual information method; (2) design and evaluate a new entropy theory based multi-criteria strategy for identifying the best locations for installation of rain gauges based on the existing dense rain gauge network; and (3) evaluate the impact of the different rain gauge networks on hydrological simulation by using the lumped and distributed hydrological models.

Gulf War :: essays research papers

The Gulf War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the early morning of August the second 1990, Saddam Hussein and a fleet of tanks as well as 100,000 thousand troops invaded neighboring Kuwait with out provocation or warning. Iraq also had surface-to-surface missiles to take complete control of Kuwait; this all took place just hours after Saddam Hussein had assured neighboring countries that there would under no circumstances be an invasion. George Bush entered the Gulf War for the sole reason of recovering the oil and Kuwaiti Boolean that Saddam Hussein had stolen. President George Bush’s goal in entering the war was to recover the stolen oil from the Iraqi’s, and ensure that it continues to be sold at a reasonable amount by the Kuwaiti’s, rather than have the prices raised or even the threat of being cut off by Saddam Hussein; there was also an extreme threat that the Iraqi’s possessed nuclear weapons which would endanger all bordering countries. The President said that anything less than the full cooperation of the Iraqi troops and tanks would result in immediate action by the U.S troops in his address to the people. Bush also demanded that full restoration of the Kuwaiti government must also take place rather than the puppet regime that was established by Saddam Hussein after his take over. This was one of the many incidents that lead President George Bush to take action against the Iraqi’s due to their involvement in the Persian Gulf crisis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United Nations placed sanctions upon Iraq, which lead to the starvation of one point two million Iraqi civilians. It was also the cause of the famine rate amongst children from the age five and below to rise almost one quarter from its rate the previous year. 960,000 women and children dead due to the sanctions brought forth by the UN. The sanctions, which were brought forth, involved the immediate hold put on all food, clothing, and medicines from entering Iraq. The points of the sanctions were to weaken the strength of Saddam Hussein and his task forces. In July of 1997 the U.S government held a press conference stating that it was indeed true that the figure was actually well over one point two million Iraqi civilians were killed due to the sanctions. This was one of the major set backs in the campaign of President Bush among the people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another fact that set President Bush back was the belief of the people that it was not worth putting the lives of American troops on the line for oil.

Stevie Wonder and the Crime-Fighting Werewolf :: Music File Sharing Technology Essays

"Stevie Wonder and the Crime-Fighting Werewolf" As is befitting a student, I have been tasked to write yet another paper, this time on the subject of my choosing that relates to issues in the digital age. As an avid fan of downloading music, I decided to discuss the subject of music file sharing. However, as many readers can attest to, diving headlong into the discussion would be both jarring and boring, and in order to spice up the paper I was assigned to give four of my sources a personality and let them discuss the topic instead of me. What you are about to read is pure fiction, well, actually its fictional non-fiction, or non-fictional fiction. Regardless of what its proper title may be, I hope you find it entertaining and informative, because God knows I tried to make it both. A cheap motel. This quiet, secluded location has been chosen by higher powers, in all likelihood the federal government, to discuss the morality of file sharing. Moses Avalon, Ken C. Pohlman, Jennifer Beauprez, and Lee Bockhorn have been selected to discuss the issue in a calm rational manner. Armed guards have been instructed to shoot the more rambunctious debaters. I have been selected to record the minutes of the meeting, and by "selected" I really mean dragged out of bed, blindfolded, kidnapped, then flown to the site. On one hand that is rather convenient because I was instructed to write a paper on issues concerning the digital age, such as file sharing, and the knowledge obtained from the experience should prove useful to my paper. On the other hand I am a horrible secretary and much of what was said during the ordeal is missing, lost in a haze of boredom. When life gives you lemons, you make lemonade, and here is my sweet, sweet proverbial lemonade. Moses heads his own conspiracy web site, which surprisingly enough has convincing arguments as well as concrete facts that argue for file sharing. Obviously inspired by the Neo character in The Matrix, he is the living epitome of a hacker. Tall, slovenly, gangly and spectacled; with his leather jacket creaking every time he fidgets. He secretly hopes to be sucked into a virtual world with throbbing techno music and insane martial arts.

Oxygen :: essays research papers

Oxygen content of air Objective: To measure the percent of oxygen in air and the percent of oxygen in an exhale of a breath Hypothesis: Air has more oxygen content in it rather than the exhale of a human breath. Procedure: Wash hands to remove oils Obtain 2 samples of steel wool (.7g each) Expose one sample of the wool to 35mL of vinegar solution for 1 minute Remove the wool from the solution and shake it to remove the vinegar Place the steel wool in a syringe. Put the plunger in the syringe at the 28mL mark Place the syringe a 250mL beaker that is slightly filled with water Pull the plunger until the water reaches the 0mL mark Record observations every three minutes of the water level Fill a balloon with the exhale from breath Put 100mL of water in the balloon and shake for 5 minutes Place the other sample of steel wool in another 35mL vinegar solution for one minute and clean it Put the steel wool in another syringe and then release the air from the balloon into the syringe Repeat steps 6 - 9 with this syringe. Data and observations: (THE GRAPH WILL GO HERE!!!!!) Conclusion: The oxygen combined with the steel wool in both syringes. This is apparent because rust was formed on both samples. The water came up to the 5.5mL mark on the syringe with the air in it, while the syringe with the breath only reached 4.5mL. Therefore, concluding that the oxygen content of air is higher than the oxygen content in a human breath. Albertson’s Brand Condensed Chicken Noodle Soup has many different ingredients within the steel container. These ingredients are as follows: Water, enriched egg noodles (enriched wheat flour [niacin, ferrous sulfate, thiamine mononitrate, riboflavin, folic acid] , eggs) chicken, salt, modified corn starch, chicken fat, dextrose, soybean oil, monosodium glutamate, soy protein isolate, natural flavoring, garlic powder, beta carbonate, sodium phosphate, paprika, and onion concentrate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thiamine mononitrate, also known as Vitamin B, is a white crystalline powder. It has a positive reaction. The Chemical formula is C12H17N5O4S. â€Å"Thiamine Mononitrate is stable for at least 36 months when stored in the unopened container. It is stable in acid solutions at a pH less than 4.0 but deteriorates rapidly in neutral or alkaline solutions, especially when exposed to air. Moisture and contact with metal accelerates oxidation and reduction.

Market Research †report outline Essay

1. Executive Summary In 2009, the transport and logistics market in the GCC was worth an estimated US$20bn, and is expected to continue growing at slightly more than 10% per annum, rising to US$27bn by 2012. Throughout the logistics value chain, net operating profits range from as low as 5% in air freight, to 15% in warehousing, to as high as 30% in sea freight.i Within this, it is estimated that the market for Fourth Party Logistics services may have the potential to be within the range of 0.85% to 1.8% of total logistics sector revenues by 2012, or between US$228m and US$381m.ii A significant number of factors are driving this growth and profitability. In particular, the relative attraction of the GCC and proximate emerging markets of 2 billion people, offer the promise of growth to many product firms facing a further period of sluggish demand growth in many of the more developed regions, following the severe global recession of 2008-09. Meanwhile, with oil having stabilised at over $70bbl, huge petrodollars have continued to flow into the region, funding on-going infrastructure and economic developments, such as manufacturing, economics and logistics zones, all of which require logistics servicesiii. In addition, rather than yielding a competitive market for logistics, the fragmentation of supply chain service providers, the multitude of logistical difficulties faced, and the myriad other free market impediments in the GCC, have all conspired to cause a high cost, high profit industry, with no

AWS Analysis Essay

I am providing you with an analysis and recommendations for the AWS unit of Amazon.com which will benefit your unit. The information present on which of Porter’s four competitive strategies your unit should follow, gives a list of information systems for Sales/Marketing and Customer Service chains. I will also tell you how â€Å"the cloud† can be utilized and why your unit should use a server farm for providing services. It is essential to focus on industry-wide and differentiation of the Porter’s Four Competitive Strategies. That strategy will advise you to offer better products and services across the industry. The reason why I picked this section of Porter’s Four Competitive Strategies is that Amazon.com in 2010 on average sold 158 items per second in 178 countries. You are a unit which is a part of a global industry, we have to make sure that your services are better than competitors and are known worldwide. This focus will impact the unit’s business processes and information systems in those fields: †¢Importance of volume to supplier †¢Relative price performance of substitutes †¢Supplier concentration †¢Brand identity †¢Buyers incentives Those are important sections in your unit that you have to change or focus to be successful worldwide. I recommend that sales and marketing chain use Purchasing information system. The Purchasing system will help employees to determine customers’ needs and wants based on their shopping. In this process a system will identify the type of products that customer is searching or purchasing and create a special section of recommendation with the deals that will fit customer’s interest. This type system will collect data with customers’ interest which  will help in their product selection and suppliers advertisement. This system will lock in customers and buyers. In customer service chain I recommend Product information system. The Product information system will allow employees to evaluate customers’ satisfaction with our web services. It will be a system that collect customers’ notes about satisfaction with services and products they wish to see on our website. The system will automatically send those to suppliers which will help them in their product selection. It will help to lock in suppliers and create new products and services. A server farm is a collection of computer servers. It is mainly used for web hosting. The server farm contributes to high financial and environmental costs. It will be good to use by AWS unit because their services allow customers to use their servers for their personal use of software. Which require a lot of space to store all of that data. The cloud service is providing easy on demand access to applications, resources and services through internet. The cloud is in advantage for customers because they can access it from any source for so long there is an internet connection. It saves the customer’s space on his personal computer and they are run by fast and stable servers. The AWS unit leases their computer resources on flexible terms for customer’s needs. If you will combine the Porter’s strategies with information system recommendations your unit will increase it sales of services. These are essential information that you should focus on.

The Challenges Facing The Cultural Diversity

These yearss cultural diverseness plays a important function in a company. The standards know aparting these groups include race, geographic footing, civilisation, gender, age, functional or educational background, physical and cognitive competency, linguistic communication, life styles, beliefs, cultural background, economic class, tenancy with the organisation and sexual penchant. As a MNC works in a planetary market it must be ready to observe all possible alterations in the planetary environment and it has to be able to pass on and accommodate the individuality of the company to them. For illustration in India adult females ‘s will non work for dark so they have to pull off clip for their convenience. The company ca n't offer quality merchandises or services to the clients if it does n't understand and take in history the impact that the civilization has in all the procedures. Workers normally think that their behaviour has n't got any influence on the concluding merchandise or service, but to be effectual, every portion must hold a clear vision of the company and a clear mission on it. The societal, political and enterprise construction depends on everyone in the company, so the internal country and the human resources, one of the most of import countries of a company, must be developed with the remainder of the company to accomplish their ends. The misinterpretation and ignoring of different civilizations, linguistic communication and historical background lead to catastrophes in the field of puting up transnational concern. To avoid this, a general cognition of another state ‘s civilization and history is indispensable. So general cultural cognition, if coupled with bias and prejudgement, is an obstruction to effectual planetary direction. 2.1 Communication and linguistic communication barriers One chief challenge under civilization is linguistic communication barriers. Communication is necessary for direction. Yet communicating relies upon a common linguistic communication, a status that does non be in many planetary concern state of affairss and that is when the jobs start. The most marked mark of the linguistic communication barrier at work can be found in the relationship between a transnational parent company and its web of planetary subordinates. Several factors contribute to the trouble of accomplishing and prolonging effectual communications and a productive, collaborative relationship. Even if an employee is comparatively competent in the linguistic communication of the other party, loss of rhetorical accomplishments is ever present as the usage of wit, symbolism, sensitiveness, dialogue, persuasion and motive requires a really high degree of eloquence. 2.2 Attitudes towards Appointments and Deadlines In America, Americans were give rigorous obeisance to clip committednesss and it was a basic rule of professionalism and polite behaviour. Because everything tends to be purely scheduled, delaies in one assignment or deadline can hold a serious rippling consequence on a coworker or client ‘s other work committednesss. But for illustration: The more flexible and open-ended attack to clip of Indian and Sri Lankan concerns civilization can make tensenesss and inauspicious feelings on American opposite numbers3. MNC Workforce DiversityMultinational Companies ( MNC ) had to confront a figure of new challenges in their day-to-day concern over the past twosome of old ages. Globalization changed assorted things for planetary participants. In general MNC construction shows a focal point on their chief resources and sections like finance, engineering, selling, gross revenues and production, because they want to hold a big figure of clients and to gain net income. A immense challenge MNC have to pull off is their workforce diverseness. The milepost research by Hofstede with 116,000 recruits of IBM, a elephantine MNC in 50 states and 3 parts recognized four cultural values in the workplace: Individualism-collectivism, Power difference, Uncertainty turning away and masculinity-femininity. For illustration: the United States was the greatest and Guatemala was lowest in individuality. Malaysia was the highest and Austria was the lowest in the power distance values. Greece was the highest and Singapore was the lowest in the uncertainness turning away values. Japan was the highest and Sweden was the lowest in the maleness values. There have been important sum of intercultural and cross-cultural surveies with these cultural values, and some surveies demonstrated the relationship between communicating manners with some of these values. Because of this diverseness one of the cardinal success factors of MNC is the enlisting and choice of human resources who offer valuable singularity. These persons are organizing the values and beliefs of a concern. There are two cardinal challenges within planetary HRM specifically constructing planetary corporate civilizations and developing planetary leaders that have to be mastered in order to pull off diverseness and be successful in the planetary concern milieus.Pull offing diverseness in MNC during HRMTo pull off workforce diverseness in MNC it ‘s a challenge for the human resource direction to put up a planetary corporate civilization. To acknowledge with the corporate civilization of the company is the most important thing for the work force. That is why constructing a planetary corporate civilization is one of the most of import challenges for Multinational Companies. Employee behaviour is perchance the most critical challenge that transnational organisations have to cover with. In Multinational Companies there is a immense potency of struggles, because of its diverse personalities. As a consequence of this anxiousnesss will originate among employees. Persons try to accommodate their behaviours to suit the demands of a peculiar environment. In order to accommodate to the environment, persons sacrifice their individualisms to suit in with their new co-ops. Persons become incorporated into the civilization of an organisation when they are successfully understood into the workplace. Successful cultural version reduces members ‘ anxiousness, function struggle, and purposes to go forth. Additionally, successful version increases organisational duty, occupation satisfaction, assurance, and occupation acquaintance every bit good as successful socialization and constitution of relationship.4. Challenges of Working across Culture4.1Stereotyping They are normally deceits and inaccuracies fixed in false conjectures and faulty analysis. Normally this rating is seen in a negative position. The challenges to organisations are to admit differences in positive footings. Power battles and can be the consequence of pigeonholing in organisations. For illustration, puting adult females, who stereotypically have had lower position than work forces in society ; in senior direction places create position incongruence in the heads of many of the people. This can root complexnesss in the leader/subordinate relationship and can root power differences in a concern. This is done in such a manner that affiliates of minority groups may happen it difficult to utilize influence over determination procedures in the organisation. 4.2 Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism consequences when directors identify the differences in civilizations – but have a leaning to believe that their civilization and their manner of making things is the right manner, their manner of making things is the lone manner and the best manner. Any difference from their civilization or from their manner of making things is seen as â€Å" deformation † or as a â€Å" error † or as â€Å" Incorrect manner † . Most people have the leaning to prosecute ethnocentrism. Americans, Nipponese, Chinese, Germans, Gallic, Scandinavians, and Russians are more prone to ethnocentrism than other civilizations – when compared to other Asians, Latin Americans, British, Australians, Africans and Indians. 4.3Informal Integration Informal groups play a important function in any concern. They influence both the success of the concern and the calling success of persons. Entire quality programs depend to a great extent on employee part and informal webs can greatly impact this procedure. Informal groups are influenced by factors such as common linguistic communication, perceived societal similarity, and ethnocentrism. These corporate webs are critical for communicating in organisations. It has been found that race has a major consequence on corporate networking. This is non amazing as you would anticipate people to hold a penchant for interaction with members of one ‘s ain civilization group, particularly in an informal context. 4.4 Parochial Attitude Parochial attitude refers to a individual ‘s incapableness to see cultural diverseness. This is precisely the contrary of ethnocentrism. Directors who are sent overseas often fitting people who are besides dressed in suits and talk their linguistic communication – this prompts them to ignore all other cultural differences and do them experience that all others are â€Å" merely like us † . In today ‘s concern Earth, most people are disposed to dress likewise – in suits or other expressions and speak in English, but this does non bespeak that all people have the same civilization – but people frequently merely see the surface and believe that the other individual portions the same cultural values. Directors from US/UK frequently tend to expose a strong parochial attitude – chiefly because the people with whom they relate on regular footing can talk English and are dressed likewise in suits or western frocks..

Dell Background

The background and history of Dell began in 1984 with Michael Dell as the founder which has been known as the most innovative entrepreneur for marketing computers. Dell began his adventure with computers in 1983 by selling PC components out of his college dorm room at the University of Texas. He bought RAM chips and disk drives for IBM PCs at cost from dealers and resold them in newspaper and magazine ads for 10-15 percent below regular cost. One year later he was already running sales of $ 80,000 and dropped out of school, creating a company called PCs LTD, selling both components and PCs. Dell had a strategic approach to selling which was buy the dealers surplus at cost and create his own by adding graphic cards and more memory. He was making clones of the PCs eliminating the retail markup, cutting the price about 40 percent and attracting the price conscious customers. This produced rapid growth and by the end 1986 sales had reached $ 33 million. In 1987 the company was renamed to Dell computers and a year later added a sales force that quickly gained government agencies, as well as becoming a public company. This venture raised 34. 2 million from common stock in the first offering to the public. Dell during the years of 1990-93 began to distribute his computer through superstores, but quickly realized that margins grew thin with this distribution channel and quickly withdrew from selling to retailers by 1994. Transitioning to focus on the direct sale of the computer and customize it during the ordering process for the customer. This was possible because each computer was individually assembled setting it apart from the others. During this time the laptop or notebooks started to also emerge in the early 90’s, however in 1993 Dell ran into some financial problems from a risky foreign currency hedging strategy and problems with laptops and PC models. These difficulties turned off buyers and caused Dell to suspend the sales of the laptops, then write off $ 40 million of its laptop PC models. In order to get sales back on track a redesign of the computer models were done and the company started to go strong into an internet site by 1997. Using the internet to sell there computers opened up a new market for Dell. They were building powerful computers with multiple features custom made to each individual. This model is the build to order business model and resulted in great sales.

Discrimination Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Discrimination - Term Paper Example In support, you can mention about the miscellaneous issues of harassment and discrimination at every stage of your career. I’ve every hope that you will be reinstated soon, with all the accrued service benefits. ****************************************************************************** Dear Sir/Madam: I would like to appeal against the order of my termination from services of Holmes Humphrey Regional Correctional Facility (HHRCF) on the following grounds. A: Highhanded and illegal action by my employer. On a cursory glance at the papers that was provided to me by the authority of the Holmes Country Board of Supervisors, shortly after the hearing that was held by (MDES) on May 21, 2012 at 3.15 p.m., I saw a hand book along with the papers, supposed to be of HHRCF. I desire to state emphatically that at the time of my appointment, or during any time during my service, the handbook was never shown to me, and I have not read and understood its contents. I have not acknowledged for having received the handbook by affixing my signature and acceptance of the terms and conditions mentioned therein and as such those rules cannot be quoted or implemented to harm my interests. Any action against me on the basis of those rules is, therefore, illegal. B: Grave miscarriage of justice through manipulated evidence: I allege that the incident supposed to have occurred on February 1, 2012 was fabricated with a pre-conceived motive to implicate me in an offence that I did not commit. How could the concerned authorities claim that I was smuggling the contraband, in the absence of lawful seizure of the same and with proper evidence? A dramatic situation was created regarding the alleged seizure of the contraband. While conducting the search at the parking lot, I was not escorted there which was my legal privilege. I would have unlocked the car for inspection by the deputy and I would have got an opportunity to remain present during the search of my mother’s vehicl e. The hidden agenda of the deputy or the authority from whom he was taking orders to implicate me was evident by the fact that on the morning of February 1, 2012 he strip-searched me and finding nothing improper in my person, he justified his action by stating that, â€Å"this is something new that we started,† and ordered me to go to work. On the morning of Feb. 1, 2012, I was searched three times and each time the deputy searched me he found nothing. The same deputy continued with his vindictive action, again searched me while working, and breached my mother’s vehicle, without my presence and without a search warrant. This was an illegal act on the part of the deputy. The amazing sequence of events to trap me continued, I was contacted over radio to report to intake. As soon as I reported, the deputy confronted me with his unilateral findings. The deputy was forcing me to confess something which was not there, and devoid of truth, and sensing the gross violation of my legal rights, I requested for an attorney. On Feb. 1, 2012, Sgt. Van Mayberry called me over the radio broadcasting, and he ordered me to report to intake so that I could be arrested, by the same harassing deputy. A false arrest warrant was issued for me by Holmes County on Feb. 2 2012, a day after the incident of Feb. 1, 2012. C. Legal assistance, when needed, was refused rendering me defenseless: Without tendering any argument or conceding my legal right for an attorney, he just â€Å"

Description of the Technical Evolution and Trends in the Future for Essay

Description of the Technical Evolution and Trends in the Future for Petrol and Diesel Fuel Injections Systems - Essay Example The paper also discusses the various mechanisms that result in low or high cylinder pressure, provides a brief on the global warming phenomena as the increased use of automotives contributes to the green house gas emissions and finally a note on the issues related to automotive fuel systems. Introduction Fuel injection system, which has become a major form of fuel delivery used in automotive petrol engines, involves injection of fuel into an internal combustion engine. From the late 1980s this fuel injection system has replaced the carburetors, which was till then the most widely used in engines. Most of the fuel injection systems are designed and calibrated to handle gasoline or diesel applications specifically. The advent of the electronic fuel injection (EFI) systems has enabled the use of similar hardware for both diesel and gasoline ("Fuel injection", 2010). The EFI system uses a solenoid-operated injector to spray the atomized fuel into a 3-inch manifold near the intake valve. This technique is not being commonly employed in several vehicles or in some cases the air and fuel is directly injected. This system mainly depends on the injectors which come in various designs, cylinder pressure, fuel line pressure and other similar factors. ... \\ Carburetors A basic model carburetor consists of the following components: Fuel tank that stores the fuel fuel lines or pipes that carry the fuel within the system a pump which passes the fuel from the tank to the engine fuel cleaning filter system that supplies clean air a  carburetor  that mixes the incoming fuel and the air and it also control the amount of mixture entering into the engine the intake-manifold to supply the mixture to the engine. Inside the carburetor the liquid fuel is converted into a fine spray which mixes with the air. A correct amount of this mixture is supplied to the engine via a throttle valve connected to the accelerator or gas pedal. Of the various models, the down-draft carburetor is very common while the side-draft model is not widely used nowadays. In the down-draft model the carburetor is placed on top of the intake manifold and it consists of a floating bowl for the fuel. A tube immersed into the fuel passes the fuel into the discharge nozzle placed at the other end in the venturi. The venturi is narrow and is shaped in a way that will enable the air to pass at a fast speed. This set up can be compared to the wings of an aircraft the shape of which causes the air to flow at a higher speed that creates an area of low-pressure than the atmospheric pressure. This difference in pressure provides an upward trust that lifts the aircraft. This phenomena is referred to as the 'Bernoulli effect' and in the case of the venturi the end of the nozzle protruding into the airflow is an area of low-pressure compared to the fuel injected into the float bowl. This pressure difference causes the fuel to flow from the nozzle which atomizes as it mixes with air. The air-fuel ratio required by a light vehicle is about 15:1 which is terms of weight is

The Roman Republic in Sallust's Account, the Conspiracy of Catiline Essay

The Roman Republic in Sallust's Account, the Conspiracy of Catiline - Essay Example Although an account of personal observations and opinions, this document can be considered as a written eyewitness account of an indigenous intellectual of Rome - an onlooker to the establishment, growth and decline of an ancient superpower. By analysing the contents of the document, it is evident that the Roman historian attributed the ascent of the Roman Republic to the valor of the people, that their strength in arms provided them the security of their rights and liberty from various enemies. The Romans’ might and bravery allowed them to forge allies and supporters, thus having provided a firm respect from neighboring city-states and sovereignties. The people upheld valor by bestowing the military culture amongst their young ones. From the childhood up to adulthood, primarily in all generations of Romans, the republic was well protected. Honour and glory became the primary theme of Rome. Sallust furthered the explanation of Roman beginnings by recounting the virtues that ha d transpired after the military conquests and expeditions of its people. Good morals such as loyalty to citizenship, patronage in religion and the natural adherence to justice molded the Roman society. The historian also mentioned in his account that the Romans’ animosity for opponents and their preparedness for battles caused Rome’s neighbours to make ties rather than to make war. With this, the Roman Republic was born. It was built from brute strength and the consolidation of brilliant minds, which produced a formidable state that caused the creation of the Roman law. These laws were protected by the Senate and implemented by the monarchical nature of the republic. Technically, though Sallust’s account can be classified as merely a product of observation and a product of subjectivity, it cannot be denied that the supposed biography intricately described what the Roman society was through the eyes of a true intellectual Roman scholar. His experiences and role i n the writing of the history of Rome makes his account a strong primary source for subsequent scholars of this particular field. Thus, the observation of the author accounts to a very interesting point of view with relation to the climb of the Roman Republic to greatness. Its origins revealed that force and decisiveness were needed to establish an immovable government. Sallust then went to a pessimistic standpoint - the demise and the eventual fall of the Roman Republic. At the time when Rome had military supremacy in Europe, when the Roman army continuously fought battles and repeatedly won, the toils of war caused a spark in the destruction of the values. Looting the wealth of defeated states were the ingredients for the downfall of the great Republic. The need for an expanding Rome almost immediately transformed into a pure desire for the material. The Romans craved for money and treasures, which distorted the Roman theme of honour and glory. Thereafter, Sallust described the con tinuous corruption from an extreme desire for the material to the unjustifiable claim for power, which created tyranny. This attribution of the demise of Rome was simple but revolutionary for the mainstream history of the republic. Sallust had concretely specified the core causes of the destruction of Rome. This is a very humanistic approach to the problems of ancient empires alike. The temptation of grabbing too much power gets the best of its wielder. In this case, Rome which had an obvious record of

Criminal Law Writing Task Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Criminal Law Writing Task - Essay Example ly concerned with crimes that are committed against public authority and it often goes against the interests of the public at large the reason why the state would need to persecute such perpetrators of criminal offences. Many countries do have statutory regulations that allow the courts to try and sentence criminals upon conviction. In this regard, theft or property, felony as well as treason for instance fall under criminal law as well as other cases that endanger human life and the state as a whole. It can be noted that in every nation, the criminal law is specifically designed to deter the criminals from committing crimes that disrupt public order and security. A critical analysis of the case study shows that John violates the public interest in mainly two ways that can be categorised as criminal activities. Driving without a valid licence is a criminal offence as it endangers the lives of the general public and he deliberately steals from unsuspecting people. In many countries if not all, theft is classified as a criminal law. Theft can be loosely referred to as taking without permission or stealing other people’s property. Theft comes in many different forms that include fraud, larceny, and embezzlement among other different forms. This essay seeks to critically analyse some of the offences committed by John and their magnitude to warranty arrest and ultimately sentencing upon conviction. First and fore most, John fraudulently obtains his public service vehicle (PSV) licence after he failed the test. Fraud is a criminal case by any standard especially with the intent of misrepresenting yourself to gain unfair advantage of getting a job without proper requirements. Obtaining a fake licence by hook and crook is pure violation of the law which can not be taken lightly under whatever circumstance. Having failed the test, he decides to proceed and obtain a fake driver’s licence with full knowledge of the likely consequences hence it can be said that he is

Enterprise infrastructure Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enterprise infrastructure - Article Example The deal will give AT&T an opportunity to reorganize the video entertainment industry. It will have the capacity to offer new data bundles and provide content to customers using different screens such as laptops, mobile devices, and TVs. The company’s preference on DirecTV is because of its premier brand in television subscription, content relationships, and its fast growth rate. DirecTV has more than 20 million subscribers compared to the 5 million subscribers of AT&T’s U-verse television service. The satellite provider owns the NFL Sunday Ticket package for out of market football games that will also add value to AT&T. AT&T is eager in experimenting new methods of video distribution. It will satisfy the customers who want to enjoy television on big screens, have TV on their smartphones on a Netflix style, or any other way possible. The approval of the deal will provide AT&T with growth opportunities due to the increased television revenues. Upon the deal’s approval by the regulators, it will be part of the continued wave consolidation in the telecommunication and television industries. Comcast, the country’s largest cable provider, also awaits a regulatory approval to merge with TWC. The parent wireless company provider Sprint Softbank is in efforts to acquire T-Mobile. Paul Gallant, a Guggenheim Partners analyst describes the situation as an arms race. The acquisition will create a content distribution leader in video, mobile, and broadband platforms. The companies would have to face competitive disadvantages and to merge them as a single entity will increase their competitiveness. To demonstrate the acquisition advantage, DirecTV satellites cannot provide the high internet speed connections that many customers prefer, of which AT&T can. In an attempt to lure the Washington regulators to approve the deal, their Sunday presentation asserts that the hybrid company will provide internet connections to areas that lack. The statement will

Modern Sports Prevail Over Gymnastics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modern Sports Prevail Over Gymnastics - Essay Example The foundations of modern gymnastics originated in the earlier eighteen hundreds by a German patriot whose goal was to inspire solidarity and Germanic pride among the youths. That patriot was a man named Friedrich Ludwig Jahn aka â€Å"Father Jahn† and his gymnastics training stemmed from the pursuit of national unity and freedom from French rule. Confident that physical education was key in order strengthen national character and national identity, Jahn used fencing, wrestling, swimming, and throwing, as well as war games which trained the practitioners in war-like scenarios, which was known as Turnen. Even though Jahn developed many of the apparatuses used in gymnastics today such as the horizontal bar, parallel bar, and the pommel horse, his training was never geared toward competition but rather personal improvement and developing skills useful on the battlefield. In the same way cultures mold beliefs, values, and traditions the culture in the time of Father Jahn created t he mold in which modern gymnastics was born.

Industry and the united states Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Industry and the united states - Essay Example The hand made products were then replaced by the factory products thus making them more accessible and more affordable to the Americans. The process of industrial revolution started in Great Britain when machinery was invented to replace human labor while fossil fuel to replace wind, water and wood (Alam 23). The full impact industrialization was fully felt when the use of machine spread to other corners of the globe in around 1800AD. This led to comprehensive rises in production capacity that affected all the basic human needs from food production, housing and clothing among others. Industrial revolution opened the American economy to merge with the world economy thus initiating the exchange of goods and services between them and different countries. These also paved ways for the establishment of economies, which promoted their businesses and made them to expand and conquer the global economy. The ability of the Americans to dominate the seas allowed their merchants to displace othe r from the world trade system thus benefiting them greatly. The creation of the world economy was a result of industrialization that greatly benefited the Americans as they get ready market for their goods, most of which were of superior quality (Vitiello 21). Industrialized Lives Industrialization prompted a movement for rural life to urban life resulting to urbanization in the American states. Others who could not sustain the lavish urban life remained in slums resulting in the development of social classes and segregation of individuals. The introduction of new technology in areas of agriculture resulted in improvements in production of foods and increased trade. The tools produced from industries provided the platform for the Americans to increase their production techniques in their farming fields. The average women in America also took advantage of the opportunities presented by industrialization in America to advance socially, economically and politically (Cancian, Goodman & Smith, 14). They left the traditional women chores of cooking meals, and taking care of other household duties to engage in business and to work in the industries. The demands of workers for the factories initiated women's empowerment programs to enable them work in these factories in the same capacity as men. Women got a glimpse of the life at work, compared it with the traditional household duties, and resulted to a new dimension in family relationships. The industries also took advantage of the situation and reduce the wages since women worked for lower wages than men. This initiated the idea that women are of same competency as men and they begin to advocate for equal opportunity with men in workplaces. Industrialization led to segregation of people into different age groups especially through the blacks and the whites. The blacks who are the minority were often looked down upon at the expense of the whites with respect to the opportunities that were availed by industries. Areas dominated by the white population got attention form the government than those dominated by other races. The Native American thus greatly benefited from government incentives at the expense of the black population (Wythe 11). Industry and Population Growth The entrance of industries saw a sharp increase in population growth in the United States. The population in the United Sta

Tim Hortons Company Analysis Essay Example for Free

Tim Hortons Company Analysis Essay The Tim Hortons chain was founded in 1964 in Hamilton, Ontario. The chains focus on top quality, always fresh product, value, great service and community leadership has allowed it to grow into the largest quick service restaurant chain in Canada specializing in always fresh coffee, baked goods and home style lunches. The first Tim Hortons restaurants offered only two products coffee and donuts. The selection of donuts to enjoy was highlighted by two original Tim Hortons creations, the Apple Fritter and the Dutchie. They became the most popular donut choices in the 60s, and remain two of the most popular today. But as consumer tastes grew, so did the choices at Tim Hortons. The biggest change in the chains product focus took place in 1976 with the introduction of the phenomenally successful Timbit (bite-sized donut hole), today available in over 35 different varieties. The chains growth into the 1980s brought about a whole series of new product introductions: muffins (1981), cakes (1981), pies (1982), croissants (1983), cookies (1984), and soups ;amp; chili (1985). Sandwiches, which were originally introduced in 1993, were re-introduced as a new and improved line-up of 6 varieties, called Tims Own, in 1998. Also, in the 1990s, bagels (1996), flavoured cappuccino (1997), Cafe Mocha (1999) and Iced Cappuccino (1999) were introduced. In 2003, the Turkey Bacon Club sandwich and Maple Pecan Danish were successful menu additions. In 2005 Tim Hortons introduced, Yogurt amp; Berries, Cinnamon Roll and Hot Smoothee to the menu. Many new great products were added to the menu in 2006 such as the Chicken Salad Wrap and the hot Breakfast Sandwich (eggs, sausage or bacon, processed cheese on a toasted home style biscuit). The chains biggest drawing card remains its legendary Tim Hortons coffee. To ensure the coffee is always fresh, Tim Hortons serves its coffee within 20 minutes of being brewed or its not served at all. The premium blend is also available in cans, as are Tim Hortons hot chocolate and flavoured cappuccinos, allowing guests to enjoy these great tasting products at home. GLOBAL RESTAURANT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT The first Tim Hortons restaurant was opened in 1964 by Tim Horton, a National Hockey League All-Star defenseman. In 1967, Tim Horton and Ron Joyce, then the operator of 3 Tim Hortons restaurants, became partners and together they opened 37 restaurants over the next 7 years until Tim Horton’s death in 1974. Mr. Joyce became the sole owner in 1975. In the early 1990s, Tim Hortons and Wendy’s, now owned by The Wendy’s Company (â€Å"Wendy’s†), entered into a partnership to develop real estate and combination restaurant sites with Wendy’s and Tim Hortons restaurants under the same roof in North America. In 1995, Wendy’s purchased Mr. Joyce’s interest in the Tim Hortons system and incorporated the company known as Tim Hortons Inc. , a Delaware corporation (â€Å"THI USA†), as a wholly owned subsidiary. In 2006, Tim Hortons became a standalone public company pursuant to an initial public offering and a subsequent spin-off of its common stock to Wendy’s stockholders through a stock dividend on September 29, 2006. Tim Hortons restaurants operate in a variety of formats. Tim Hortons’ standard restaurant locations typically range from 1,000 to 3,080 square feet. The non-standard restaurant locations include small, full-service restaurants; self-serve kiosks, typically with a limited product offering, in offices, hospitals, colleges, airports, grocery stores, gas and other convenience locations; drive-thru-only units on smaller pieces of property; and full-serve locations in sports arenas and stadiums that operate only during on-site events. Also Tim Hortons developed co-branded locations in its restaurant system. Tim Hortons is party to an agreement with Kahala Franchise Corp. the franchisor of the Cold Stone Creamery brand, pursuant to which Tim Hortons has exclusive development rights in Canada. Tim Hortons is also party to an agreement with Kahala Franchising, L. L. C. in the U. S. , pursuant to which Tim Hortons has the right to use the Cold Stone Creamery trademarks in specified locations in the U. S. The development process for each standard restaurant location typically takes 12 to 18 months. Development of non-standard restaurants an d self-serve kiosks usually requires much less time. Tim Hortons typically oversee and direct all aspects of restaurant development for system restaurants, from an initial review of a location’s demographics, site access, visibility, traffic counts, mix of residential/retail/commercial surroundings, competitive activity, and proposed rental/ownership structure, to considerations of the performance of nearby Tim Hortons locations, projections of the selected location’s ability to meet financial return targets, restaurant owner identification, and physical land development and restaurant design and construction costs. As at December 30, 2012, the number of Tim Hortons restaurants across Canada, both standard and non-standard locations, which for this purpose includes self-serve kiosks, totalled 3,436. Standard restaurants constitute approximately 71. 4% of this total. In the U. S. , Tim Hortons has a regional presence with 804 restaurants, including self-serve kiosks, in 13 states, concentrated in the Northeast in New York and Maine, and in the Midwest in Michigan, Ohio and Pennsylvania with standard full-serve restaurants representing approximately 59. % of all U. S. restaurants. Notably, Tim Hortons owns, rather than leases, the land underlying a higher percentage of standard system restaurants in the U. S. than in Canada. Restaurant owners operated substantially all of Tim Hortons restaurants both in the CANADA and U. S Recently Tim Hortons has granted a master license to Apparel in the GCC States of the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait and Oman, which is primarily a royalty-based m odel, together with ongoing supply chain margin and an upfront license fee. Apparel is responsible for capital spending, real estate development, operations, distribution and marketing. At the end of 2012, there were also 190 and 55 Tim Hortons kiosks in the Republic of Ireland and United Kingdom, respectively, which generally offer self-serve premium coffee, tea, specialty hot beverages and a selection of donuts and muffins at gas and other convenience locations. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Tim Hortons distribute items to its restaurants through 5 distribution centres located in Langley, British Columbia; Calgary, Alberta; Kingston, Ontario; Guelph, Ontario; and Debert, Nova Scotia. The Guelph and the Kingston facilities distribute frozen, refrigerated and shelf-stable products and dried goods to restaurants in our Ontario and Quebec markets. Under the franchise arrangements, each Canadian restaurant owner is required to purchase substantially all food and other products, such as coffee, sugar, and restaurant supplies, from Tim Hortons or it designated suppliers and distributors. Canadian and U. S. restaurant owners and international licensee are also required to purchase par-baked Maidstone Bakeries products from either Tim Hortons or an outside distributor, depending upon the restaurant location. Tim Hortons own or lease a significant number of trucks and trailers that regularly deliver to most of its Canadian restaurants. Tim Hortons uses third-party distributors to deliver all products to U. S. restaurants and to deliver to certain limited geographic areas of Canada. The international licensee, Apparel, is responsible for local delivery of all products in its market in the GCC through the use of third-party distributors. BUSINESS MODEL Tim Hortoms primary business model is to identify potential restaurant locations, develop suitable sites, and make these new restaurants available to approved restaurant owners. As at December 30, 2012, restaurant owners operated 99. 5% of Tim Hortons’ system wide restaurants. Tim Hortons directly own and operate (without restaurant owners) only a small number of company restaurants in Canada and the U. S. Tim Horton also have warehouse and distribution operations that supply paper and dry goods to a substantial majority of its Canadian restaurants, and supply frozen baked goods and some refrigerated products to most of its Ontario restaurants and Quebec restaurants. In the U. S. , Tim Hortons supply similar products to system restaurants through third-party distributors. Tim Hortons’ operations also include coffee roasting plants in Rochester, New York, and Hamilton, Ontario, and a fondant and fills manufacturing facility in Oakville, Ontario. These vertically integrated manufacturing, warehouse, and distribution capabilities benefit Tim Hortons’ restaurant owners and are important elements of Tim Hortons business model which allow it to: improve product quality and consistency; protect proprietary interests; facilitate the expansion of our product offerings; control availability and timely delivery of products; provide economies of scale and labour efficiencies; and generate additional sources of income and financial returns. Tim Hortons have a unique, layered business model that adds to the scale and success of its system. First, franchising takes account of more than 99% of Tim Hortons’ restaurant system. Tim Hortons have a long-standing history of building positive relationships and collaborating with its restaurant owners to grow collective business. Restaurant owners typically operate an average of 3 to 4 restaurants and have a significant stake in the success of the restaurants they operate. Second, Tim Hortons maintains a controlling interest in a significant majority of the real estate in the full-serve restaurant system in North America to maintain brand integrity and control development. Third, Tim Hortons operates with a â€Å"we fit anywhere† concept that allows it to adapt brand presence to take advantage of both standard and non-standard development opportunities. Fourth, Tim Hortons leverages significant levels of vertical integration that exist in the system. MANUFATURING Tim Hortons has 2 wholly owned coffee roasting facilities in Rochester, New York and Hamilton, Ontario, to blend all of the coffee for restaurants. Tim Hortons also own a facility that produces fondants, fills, and ready-to-use glaze, which are used in connection with a number of the products produced in its Always Fresh baking system. Until October 2010, Tim Hortons owned a 50% joint-venture interest in Maidstone Bakeries. Maidstone Bakeries continues to manufacture and supply all par-baked donuts, Timbits and selected breads, following traditional Tim Hortons recipes, as well as European pastries, including Danishes, croissants, and puff pastry. Those products are partially baked and then flash frozen and delivered to system restaurants, most of which have an Always Fresh oven with the Company’s proprietary technology. The restaurant completes the baking process with this oven and adds final finishing such as glazing and fondant, allowing the product to be served warm to the guest within a few minutes of baking. The Company sold its 50% joint-venture interest in Maidstone Bakeries to its former joint-venture partner, Aryzta, for gross cash proceeds of $475 million in October 2010. For additional information regarding Maidstone Bakeries, see â€Å"Source and Availability of Raw Materials† below. TIM HORTONS IN U. S We continued to focus on accelerating the time it takes to create critical mass for convenience and advertising scale in our most developed U. S. markets, primarily through deployment of the substantial majority of our U. S. restaurant development capital into core growth markets to increase awareness of the brand. We also continued to seek other marketing means, such as community involvement, sponsorships, event site product agreements and other forms of communication, to supplement traditional advertising to reinforce our brand position with guests and to broaden our brand awareness as a Cafe and Bake Shop destination; and sought to complement our U. S. standard format restaurant development activity with non-standard formats and locations through strategic partnerships and relationships. In 1995, Tim Hortons merged with Wendys International, Inc. giving new focus and impetus to the expansion of the Tim Hortons concept in the United States. Tim Hortons locations can presently be found in Michigan, Maine, Connecticut, Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Massachusetts and New York, with responsible expansion continuing in these core markets. The Canadian operation is 95% franchise owned and operated, and plans in the U. S. call for the same key strategy to be implemented as expansion progresses. Currently, there are more than 3,000 restaurants across Canada, and over 600 locations in the United States. In March 2006, Tim Hortons completed an initial public offering of the company and was fully spun off as a separate company as of September 29, 2006. Tim Hortons trades on the NYSE and TSX (THI). As one of the largest publicly traded quick service restaurant chain in North America based on market capitalization, and the largest in Canada, Tim Hortons has 4,264 system wide restaurants, including 3,436 in Canada, 804 in the United States and 24 in the Gulf Cooperation Council as of December 30th, 2012. Since the early 1990s, Tim Hortons and Wendy’s formed a partnership, owned on a 50/50 basis, and jointly developed the real estate underlying â€Å"combination restaurants† in Canada that offer Tim Hortons and Wendy’s products at the same location, typically with separate restaurant owners operating the Tim Hortons and the Wendy’s portions of the restaurant. The combination restaurants have separate drive-thrus, if the site allows for drive-thrus, but share a common